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Gentoo 安装

Published:: 2020/06/06

Preparation

Setup network:

# net-setup

Disk partition:

1. UEFI + GPT
# fdisk /dev/sda
    g
    n +128M     # for /efi
    n +16G      # for swap
    n +remain   # for /
    t 1 1       # for EFI System
    t 2 19      # for Linux swap
    t 3 20      # for Linux filesystem
    w           # write
# mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1
# mkswap /dev/sda2
# swapon /dev/sda2
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo

2. BIOS + MBR
# fdisk /dev/sda
    o
    n +128M     # for /boot
    n +512M     # for swap
    n +remain   # for /
    t 1 83      # Linux
    t 2 82      # Linux swap
    t 3 83      # Linux
# mkfs.ext2 -T small /dev/sda1
# mkswap /dev/sda2
# swapon /dev/sda2
# mkfs.ext4 -T big /dev/sda3
# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo

Synchronize system time:

# ntpd -q -g

Install stage3:

# cd /mnt/gentoo
# wget <PASTED_STAGE_URL>
# tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner

Configure portage:

# vi /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf
    MAKEOPTS="-j5"
    GENTOO_MIRRORS="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gentoo https://mirrors.163.com/gentoo/"

# mkdir --parents /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf
# cp /mnt/gentoo/usr/share/portage/config/repos.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf
# cp --dereference /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/

Mount necessary filesystems:

# mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
# mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys
# mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys
# mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
# mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev
# mount --bind /run /mnt/gentoo/run
# mount --make-slave /mnt/gentoo/run

System Installation

Chroot:

# chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
# source /etc/profile
# mount /dev/sda1 /boot

Install basic packages:

# emerge-webrsync
# eselect profile list
# eselect profile set <num>
# emerge --ask --verbose --update --deep --newuse @world

Set timezone:

# echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone
# emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data

Synchronize system clock :

# emerge --ask net-misc/chrony
# rc-update add chronyd default

Set locale:

# echo 'en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8' >> /etc/locale.gen
# locale-gen
# eselect locale list
# eselect locale set <number>
# env-update && source /etc/profile

Install kerenl:

1. Using genkernel
# emerge --ask sys-kernel/gentoo-sources
# emerge --ask sys-kernel/genkernel
# nano -w /etc/fstab    # if /boot is at a seperate disk
    /dev/sda1   /boot   ext2    defaults    0 2
# genkernel all
# emerge -av --newuse sys-kernel/linux-firmware

2. Using distribution kernels
# emerge --ask sys-kernel/installkernel-gentoo
# emerge --ask sys-kernel/gentoo-kernel-bin
# emerge -av --newuse sys-kernel/linux-firmware

Install network:

1. Ethernet interface
# emerge -av --newuse net-misc/dhcpcd
# emerge -av --newuse net-misc/netifrc
# vim /etc/conf.d/net
    modules="dhcpcd"
    config_<interface>="dhcp"
# ln -s /etc/init.d/net.lo /etc/init.d/net.<interface>
# rc-update add net.<interface> default

2. Wireless interface
# emerge -av --newuse net-wireless/wpa_supplicant
# vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
    # Allow users in the 'wheel' group to control wpa_supplicant
    ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel

    # Make this file writable for wpa_gui / wpa_cli
    update_config=1

    network={
      ssid="<SSID>"
      psk="<PSK>"
    }
# vim /etc/conf.d/net
    modules_<wlan>="wpa_supplicant"
    config_<wlan>="dhcp"
# cp /etc/init.d/net.lo /etc/init.d/net.<wlan>
# rc-update add net.<wlan> default

Install syslog:

# emerge --ask app-admin/sysklogd
# rc-update add sysklogd default

Install bootloader:

1. BIOS and MBR
# emerge --ask --verbose sys-boot/grub:2
# grub-install /dev/sda
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

2. UEFI and GPT
# echo 'GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf
# emerge --ask sys-boot/grub:2
# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --removable
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Application installation

Install cpupower:

# emerge --ask sys-power/cpupower

Install xorg:

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Elogind
# vim /etc/portage/make.conf
    USE="elogind -consolekit -systemd"
# emerge --ask --changed-use --deep @world
# rc-update add dbus default

Issue: parse_vt_settings: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (Permission denied)
# rc-update add elogind boot

# vim /etc/portage/make.conf
    INPUT_DEVICES="libinput synaptics"
    VIDEO_CARDS="intel"
# emerge --ask x11-base/xorg-server
# emerge --ask x11-apps/xinit
# emerge --ask x11-apps/xmodmap

Install fonts:

# emerge --ask media-fonts/noto media-fonts/noto-cjk media-fonts/noto-emoji
# emerge --ask media-fonts/ubuntu-font-family
# emerge --ask media-fonts/fontawesome

Install dwm and st:

# vim /etc/portage/package.use/dwm.use
    x11-terms/dwm savedconfig
# emerge --ask x11-wm/dwm::an9wer

# vim /etc/portage/package.use/st.use
    x11-terms/st savedconfig
# emerge --ask x11-terms/st::an9wer

Install ibus:

# vim /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords
    app-i18n/ibus-rime ~amd64
# vim /etc/portage/package.use/ibus-rime.use
    app-i18n/ibus-rime extra
# emerge --ask app-i18n/ibus app-i18n/ibus-rime
# ibus-setup

For ibus to work with Qt 5
# vim /etc/portage/package.use/ibus.use
    dev-qt/qtgui dbus ibus
# emerge --ask --oneshot --newuse dev-qt/qtgui

Install dunst:

# emerge --ask x11-misc/dunst

Install redshift:

# vim /etc/portage/package.use/redshift.use
    x11-misc/redshift geoclue
# emerge --ask x11-misc/redshift

Install alsa:

# vim /etc/portage/make.conf
    USE="alsa"
# emerge --ask media-sound/alsa-utils

Install chroot:

# mkdir /chroot
# wget <PASTED_STAGE_URL>
# tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner -C /chroot
# mkdir -p /chroot/etc/portage/repos.conf
# cp /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf /chroot/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf
# cp --dereference /etc/resolv.conf /chroot/etc/
# vim /etc/init.d/chroot
    name="chroot daemon"

    depend() {
       need localmount
       need bootmisc
    }

    start() {
         ebegin "Mounting chroot directories"
         mount -o rbind /dev /chroot/dev > /dev/null &
         mount -t proc none /chroot/proc > /dev/null &
         mount -o bind /sys /chroot/sys > /dev/null &
         mount -o bind /tmp /chroot/tmp > /dev/null &
         eend $? "An error occurred while mounting chroot directories"
    }

    stop() {
         ebegin "Unmounting chroot directories"
         umount -f /chroot/dev > /dev/null &
         umount -f /chroot/proc > /dev/null &
         umount -f /chroot/sys > /dev/null &
         umount -f /chroot/tmp > /dev/null &
         eend $? "An error occurred while unmounting chroot directories"
    }
# rc-service chroot start
# chroot /chroot /bin/bash
# emerge-webrsync
# exit

Install gnupg (use pinentry-gtk-2 to request the passphrase in a graphical window):

# vim /etc/portage/package.use/gnupg.use
    app-crypt/pinentry gtk
# emerge --ask app-crypt/gnupg
# eselect pinentry set pinentry-gtk-2

Install imagemagick:

# vim /etc/portage/package.use/imagemagick.use
    media-gfx/imagemagick X
# emerge --ask media-gfx/imagemagick

Install latex:

# vim /etc/portage/package.use/texlive.use
    app-text/texlive cjk extra
# emerge --ask app-text/texlive
# emerge --ask dev-texlive/texlive-langchinese

Updated 2021/04/04

如果想在 netifrc 中使用 dhcp 动态获取 ip 的同时，添加自己需要的 dns server（例如 127.0.0.1），该怎么办？

可以通过安装 dhcpcd 并且在 netifrc 中指定使用 dhcpcd 作为 dhcp client 获取 ip：

# emerge -av net-misc/dhcpcd
# vim /etc/config/net
    modules="dhcpcd"

然后创建一个 /etc/resolv.conf.head 文件，把自己需要的 dns server 填入：

# vim /etc/resolv.conf.head
    nameserver 127.0.0.1

也可以是 /etc/resolv.conf.tail 文件。 head 表示往 /etc/resolv.conf 头部插入，tail 表示往 /etc/resolv.conf 后部插入。

Thanks for reading :)